Preconception Care
What Should Be Done for a Healthy Pregnancy
Pregnancy is a special process that requires careful attention in terms of both maternal and fetal health. Being well-planned and prepared before pregnancy is of great importance for experiencing a healthy pregnancy. Preparations made during the preconception period can reduce potential risks during pregnancy and increase the chances of having a healthy baby.
1. Gynecological Examination Before Pregnancy
The first step in pregnancy planning is undergoing a routine gynecological examination. This examination includes a Pap smear test, pelvic ultrasonography, and blood tests. These evaluations help identify potential risks that the expectant mother may encounter during pregnancy, allowing necessary treatments to be initiated in advance. Early detection of risk factors enables personalized pregnancy follow-up.
Recommended Tests:
Pap Smear Test: To evaluate the risk of cervical cancer.
Pelvic Ultrasonography: To assess the condition of the ovaries, uterus, and other pelvic organs.
Blood Tests: These usually include a complete blood count, thyroid function tests, hepatitis B and C screening, and HIV testing.
2. Lifestyle Modifications
From the moment you start planning pregnancy, certain lifestyle changes should be made. These changes positively affect both maternal and fetal health.
Smoking and Alcohol: Smoking and alcohol consumption should be completely discontinued before pregnancy. Smoking increases the risk of miscarriage and low birth weight, while alcohol can cause fetal growth restriction and congenital anomalies.
Caffeine Consumption: Daily caffeine intake should not exceed 300 mg, which is approximately equivalent to one large cup of coffee.
Medication Use: Medications used before pregnancy should be reviewed under medical supervision. Especially antidepressants, antihypertensive drugs, and isotretinoin used for acne treatment may require dose adjustment or discontinuation. Acne medications should generally be stopped at least 6 months before pregnancy.
3. Nutrition and Vitamin Supplementation
Proper nutrition before and during pregnancy is critical for a healthy pregnancy process. During this period, certain vitamin and mineral supplements may be required to meet the body’s increased needs.
Folic Acid: Should be started at least 3 months before pregnancy and continued through the first 12 weeks of gestation. A daily intake of 400 mcg of folic acid reduces the risk of neural tube defects.
Vitamin D: Vitamin D deficiency can negatively affect both maternal and fetal health. Vitamin D levels should be checked before pregnancy and supplemented if necessary.
Iron: Iron deficiency may lead to anemia during pregnancy, which can cause growth restriction in the baby. Iron levels should be assessed before pregnancy and supplemented if deficient.
Vitamin B12: Vitamin B12 deficiency may have adverse effects on neurological development. Therefore, B12 levels should be evaluated before pregnancy and supplemented if needed.
4. Weight Management and Exercise
Achieving an ideal body weight increases the chances of conception and reduces pregnancy-related complications. Being overweight or obese increases the risk of gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and delivery complications. A balanced diet and regular exercise are essential for reaching a healthy weight before pregnancy.
Pilates and Yoga: Starting pregnancy-recommended exercises before conception supports the body’s preparation for pregnancy. Pilates and yoga improve flexibility, strengthen muscles, and reduce stress.
5. Vaccinations and Immunity
Some vaccinations may be required before pregnancy. In particular, the rubella (German measles) vaccine should be administered during the preconception period, and pregnancy should be avoided for at least one month after vaccination. Contracting rubella during pregnancy can lead to serious congenital anomalies. After vaccination, immunity should be confirmed.
6. Dental Health
Gum problems are common during pregnancy. Progesterone hormone can cause gingival hypertrophy (thickening and recession of the gums). Therefore, dental health should be evaluated before pregnancy, necessary treatments should be completed, and any sources of infection should be eliminated.
7. Evaluation of Thyroid Function
The thyroid gland has a direct impact on reproductive health. Thyroid hormone imbalance can interfere with the healthy progression of pregnancy. It is important to check thyroid function before planning pregnancy or as soon as pregnancy is confirmed. Normal thyroid hormone levels are essential for a healthy pregnancy.
Preparations made before pregnancy play a crucial role in ensuring a healthy pregnancy and a healthy baby. Routine gynecological examinations, lifestyle modifications, proper nutrition, vitamin supplementation, and required vaccinations minimize potential risks during pregnancy. By following these steps, you can increase your chances of experiencing a healthy pregnancy and delivering a healthy baby. During preconception care, it is essential to remain in close contact with a healthcare professional and follow your doctor’s recommendations.